Renal failure on ICU

Renal failure on intensive care Intensive care exam revision on renal failure and filtration for medical student finals, PLAB exams and MRCP PACES This se...

Genetic renal tubule and metabolic disease

Genetic renal tubule and metabolic disease Including: Proximal renal tubular acidosis (RTA); distal RTA; nephrogenic diabetes insipidus Cystinosis; atypical ha...

Single gene glomerular disease

Single gene glomerular disease Including: Alport’s syndrome; Steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome; Nail-patella syndrome   Alport’s syndrome Seco...

Genetic nephrolithiasis

Genetic nephrolithiasis Including: Cystinuria; hyperoxaluria; Dent’s disease   Cystinuria Autosomal recessive Pathology Encodes a family ...

Genetic cystic, interstitial and tumorous renal disease

Genetic cystic, interstitial and tumorous renal disease Including: Autosomal dominant and recessive polycystic kidney disease; tuberous sclerosis type 1 + 2; V...

Congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT)

Congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) Please note there are a multitude of CAKUT diseases and associated conditions. Two have been p...

Renal genetics – background

Renal genetics  For an excellent comprehensive summary (>100 genetic diseases) see: Hildebrandt, Friedhelm. "Genetic kidney diseases." The Lancet 375.9722 (...

Nephrotic Syndrome

Nephrotic Syndrome Nephrotic syndrome implies a fundamental distortion to the filtration barrier in the glomerulus allowing proteins that would normally not e...

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS)

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS)   Epidemiology of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) 10% of patients with cirrhosis and ascites.   Pathogenesis hepatorenal ...

Urinary Retention – Questions

Common Urinary Retention exam questions for medical finals, OSCEs and MRCP PACES   Question 1. Tricyclic medication Anti-muscarinic medicatio...