Renal

Urinary Retention – Questions

Common Urinary Retention exam questions for medical finals, OSCEs and MRCP PACES   Question 1. Tricyclic medication Anti-muscarinic medicatio...

Urinary Retention

Urinary Retention ­­ Causes of urinary retention Acute retention Prostate pathology – benign or malignant Commonest cause in men is benign pros...

Haematuria – Questions

Common Haematuria exam questions for medical finals, OSCEs and MRCP PACES   Question 1. IgA nephropathy and thin basement disease   ...

Haematuria

Haematuria   Differential diagnosis of red urine (it does not always need to be blood) Haematuria Red blood cells in urine (macroscopic or microscop...

Clinical assessment in AKI

Clinical assessment in AKI How to investigate and treat a patient with acute kidney injury   Treat the imminent threat to life Adopt an ABCDE app...

Hypertensive Emergency

How to diagnose and treat hypertensive emergencies for doctors, medical student exams, finals, OSCEs and MRCP